Chepuri Venkata Ravikumar , Avvaru Arjunkumar , S. Chandrababu
BACKGROUND Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was discovered in 1986 in Chennai (India) amongst female sex workers by Dr. Suniti Solomon. Since then, HIV has spread to all parts of the country from the high-risk group to the antepartum population in many states at an alarming rate. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease is significant in HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), ranging from 20% to 80%. In view of the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia and the increased risk for cardiovascular diseases among patients with HIV/AIDS, this is a matter of concern for public health. MATERIALS AND METHODS 143 patients who had been receiving HAART for a minimum of two years from Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, during the period of January 2015 to September 2016 were studied. They were divided into 4 regimens groups 1) TEL (Tenofovir, Efavirenz, Lamivudine) 2) TLAR (Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Atazanavir, Ritonavir) 3) ZLE (Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Efavirenz) 4) ZLN (Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Nevirapine). Detailed history, demographic data, anthropometric measurements, serum lipid profile obtained and analysed. RESULTS Out of 143 patients, 90 (62.9%) were males and 53 (37.1%) were females. 68 (47.6%) were in the 30-39 years age group accounted for maximum percentage of groups. Based on BMI only 3 (2.1%) were obese, 24 (16.8%) were of overweight. Waist-Hip ratio was abnormal in 117 (81.8%) and 26 (18.2%) were normal. The mean values for patients on TEL regimen are TC is 195.4 mg%, LDL 122.1 mg%, HDL 34.96 mg%, TG 194.02 mg% and TC/HDL is 5.5714. In patients treated with TLAR regimen the mean values of TC are 172.15 mg%, LDL 99.15 mg %, HDL 36.35 mg%, TG 183.35 mg% and TC/HDL is 4.8. In patients treated with ZLE regimen, TC is 201.64 mg%, LDL 123.27 mg%, HDL 35.68 mg%, TG 212.27 mg% and TC/HDL is 5.6364. In patients treated with ZLN regimen, TC is 162.1 mg%, LDL 91.94 mg%, HDL 35.98 mg%, TG 172.54 mg% and TC/HDL is 4.5192. CONCLUSION The study showed an increased prevalence of dyslipidaemia in the 30-39 age groups particularly among males. Waist-to-hip ratio is significantly elevated in the HIV-infected patients on HAART. This showed a significant correlation to waist/ hip ratio and the gender. The lipid analysis showed a significant increase in the total cholesterol and LDL in the regimen groups. There was an insignificant increase in total triglycerides, VLDL and fall in HDL levels in the regimen groups. The abnormalities in lipids were more in patients of the efavirenz based regimen.
