Ramakrishna Goratla1 , P.V. Kalyankumar2 , K. Sravani3
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder distinguished by chronic hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Sustained hyperglycaemia is associated with complications in the macro vasculature, microvasculature, and nerves, causing prolonged morbidity and premature mortality. We wanted to study the asymptomatic cardiovascular changes and complications in T2DM. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study done at Katuri Medical College, Guntur among 60 type 2 DM patients who attended OPD and IPD between November 2018 and September 2019. RESULTS Majority of the patients in our study (40, 66.67 %) belonged to 5th decade. 50 % patients in this study (30 out of 60) had diabetes of less than 5 years duration. 20 patients (33.33 %) had diabetes of 5- to 10-years duration and 10 patients (16.67 %) had diabetes for more than 10 years. Among these 11 patients (18.33 %) showed inducible ischemia in exercise test; 8 patients (72.73 %) were above 50 years of age; remaining 3 (27.27 %) were below 50 years of age which tells us that ischemia develops as age advances even without prominent symptoms. All these 11 patients who had inducible ischemia in exercise test showed ST depression of more than 1 mm without angina. CONCLUSIONS Even though males were more, not much sex difference was detected in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most of the patients were in 5 th decade of life; commonest lipid abnormality seen in our patients is hypertriglyceridemia; none of our patients had resting ECG changes or 2D Echo cardiac abnormalities. 18.33 % (11 out of 60) of asymptomatic diabetics presented with inducible ischemia on TMT without symptoms of angina or chest pain. We had low incidence of family history of diabetes (4 %). All patients who had family history showed inducible ischemia in our study. Truncal obesity which is measured by waist / hip ratio is best indicator of silent ischemia in diabetes than BMI. Autonomic neuropathy was noticed in 4 out of 11 asymptomatic diabetics who presented with inducible ischemia on TMT.
