Naveen Angadi1, Adarsh Bellad2, Raju H. Badiger3, Abhiram Narasimha4, Pavan Kumar B.C.5, Gayatri Sharma6, Rishabh Agarwal7, Sreekant N. Chowdary8
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension remain one of the most common causes of
chronic kidney disease. Diabetes hypertension, kidney disease syndrome is a new
term introduced in medical terminology. The present study was conducted to
examine clinical & laboratory profile of diabetes hypertension kidney disease
syndrome – “DHKD syndrome” over a period of one year.
METHODS
A hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was done in the Department
of General Medicine and Nephrology, outpatient department (OPD), among 120
patients with diabetes & hypertension in combination with kidney disease, with
duration of diabetes > 2 years and duration of hypertension > 2 years after
obtaining ethical clearance. The patients were then scored based on modified diet
in renal disease (MDRD) formula and chronic kidney disease epidemiology
collaboration equation (CKD EPI) formula to calculate the estimated glomerular
function rate & placed into various stages of CKD.
RESULTS
A total of 120 subjects were included in the final analysis. The mean age was
63.64 ± 10.80. In study population of no albuminuria group, 50 % had glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) of 30 - 44 (grade 3 CKD) and 50 % had GFR of < / = 15
(grade 5), among microalbuminuria group, 4.45 % had GFR of 60 - 89 (grade 2)
and 1 had GFR of 45 - 59 (grade 3a), 13.64 % had GFR 30 - 44 (grade 3b), 40.91
% had GFR 15 - 29 (grade 4), 36.36 % had GFR < = 15 (grade 5), among
macroalbuminuria group, 4.6 % had GFR 45 - 59 (grade 3a), 9.2 % had GFR 30 -
44 (grade 3b), 13.79 % had GFR 15 - 29 (grade 4) and 72.41 % had GFR < = 15
(grade 5). Majority had macro albuminuria. The proportion of the difference
between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and macroalbuminuria was statistically
significant. (P-value < 0.05) as well as proportion of the difference between insulin
usage with macroalbuminuria was statistically significant. (P-value < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study delivers sufficient evidence endorsing high relationship between
diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease.
