Padma Madana1, Vijayasree Mandava2, Neelima Govada3, Padmavathi Devi Chaganti4, Zafrul Haque Mohammed5, Ratna Stephenson Basimalla6
BACKGROUND
The incidence of testicular malignancy has been increasing in men, orchidectomy
is necessary for the removal of neoplastic lesions or in patients with chronic
inflammatory conditions resistant to treatment. We wanted to evaluate the various
histopathological patterns of lesions in testis.
METHODS
A retrospective study of 86 orchidectomy specimens over a period of three years
with age wise distribution from March 2017 to February 2020 was done in the
Department of Pathology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur. Histopathological slides
stained with haematoxylin and eosin were retrieved and reviewed.
Immunohistochemistry was done in two cases.
RESULTS
Of the 86 cases, 78 (90.7 %) cases were non neoplastic and 8 (9.3 %) cases were
neoplastic. Youngest age in non-neoplastic group was four days and in neoplastic
group was 18 years. The oldest age was 82 years in the non-neoplastic lesions
and 60 years in the neoplastic lesions. Non neoplastic lesions were common in the
3rd decade. In malignant lesions, highest number of cases was seen in the 6th
decade and equal distribution was observed in 3rd and 5th decade. Unilateral
involvement was common than bilateral involvement. Out of all non-neoplastic
lesions, undescended testis 20 (25.64 %) cases was the common finding followed
by non-specific epididymo orchitis 19 (24.36 %) cases, abscess 14 (17.95 %)
cases, torsion infarction 13 (16.67 %) cases, Leydig cell hyperplasia 4 (5.13 %)
cases, 3 (3.85 %) cases each of tuberculous epididymo orchitis and granulomatous
epididymo orchitis. 1 (1.28 %) case each of rare entities like vanishing testis and
splenogonadal fusion were also found. Among the neoplastic lesions, all 8 cases
were malignant tumours. Out of these malignant tumours, mixed germ cell
tumours were seen in 3 (37.5 %) cases followed by seminomas 2 (25 %) cases,
post pubertal teratoma 1 (12.5 %) case, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) 1 (12.5
%) case and primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) 1 (12.5 %) case.
CONCLUSIONS
Histopathological examination on routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained
sections primarily differentiate non neoplastic lesions from neoplastic group and
benign tumours from malignant tumours as the treatment modality varies.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is useful in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated
small round cell tumours.
