Puneeta Gupta1, Abhinav Gupta2, Tejasvi Sharma3, Anil K. Gupta4, Rajesh Gupta5
INTRODUCTION
Heart failure (HF) is a global problem with an estimated prevalence of 38 million people worldwide; a number that is increasing with the ageing of the population.
The heart failure is associated with high health expenditure, mostly because of cost of hospitalisations. The five year survival for individuals with heart failure is about 50%, and in advanced heart failure, the one year survival is as low as 22%, regardless of therapy.
The modern history of therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction began with the introduction of vasodilatation with hydralazine plus isosorbide dinitrate. Research about heart failure is now quite active worldwide and many areas are being explored e.g. gene therapy, modification of function of micro RNAs by antagomirs, stem cell therapy besides development of new pharmacological therapeutic agents.
