Nasreen Edavanam Kunnath1, Muhammed Ashraf Kayakkal2, Shaji Sreedhar3, Geetha Panarkandy4, Sandeep Appunni5
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency continues to be an unrecognized health disorder globally
while ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of premature mortality.
Many recent studies have found high rates of cardiovascular diseases among
patients with low vitamin D levels. Due to limited randomized control trials, it is
reasonable to screen acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients for vitamin D
deficiency. Thus, the study aims to find out as to whether vitamin D deficiency is
a risk factor for AMI and evaluate the association between their troponin I and
vitamin D levels.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, cases included patients admitted with myocardial
infarction in the medicine wards or ICU while controls were age and sex matched
apparently healthy subjects. Detailed history was taken about duration of the
illness and other significant medical illness. Serum troponin I (Trop I) levels and
electrocardiogram (ECG) reports were assessed. Serum samples for 25-
hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)VitD] estimation by electrochemiluminescence method,
were collected from both cases and controls. Statistical analysis was performed
using SPSS version 22.0 software.
RESULTS
The mean 25(OH)VitD levels were found to be significantly lesser in cases [20.98
± 6.29 ng/ml] as compared to controls [27.13 ± 10.50 ng/ml], further decreased
in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (17 %) subjects [15.70 ± 4.43
ng/ml] as compared to non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (83%)
[22.06 ± 6.10 ng/ml]. There exists a significant moderate negative correlation [ρ
= -0.46] between troponin I levels and 25(OH)VitD levels in AMI.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D deficiency hence can be a risk factor for development of myocardial
infarction. But already established risk factors confounds to state it as an
independent risk factor.
