Amandeep Singh1, Avepreet Singh2, Kamlesh Gupta3, Gauravdeep Singh4
BACKGROUND
Early pregnancy failure is stated as noncompatible, intrauterine pregnancy with
either an empty gestational sac or a gestational sac that contains an embryo or
fetus which does not have any fetal cardiac activity in the initial 12 weeks of the
pregnancy. In the assessment of early pregnancy, ultrasound plays a significant
role.
METHODS
A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital
between May 2019 and April 2020 among 500 pregnant females fulfilling the
inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient follow up was done by weekly telephonic
calls until completing 12 weeks gestation or reporting miscarriage. Also, all
patients were followed by the recommended routine ultrasound (US) scanning
with or without emergency visits.
RESULTS
In our study period, 500 women fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in our
study. Out of whom, 85 (17.5 %) women had an early pregnancy failure (before
12 weeks). There was significantly lower mean gestational sac diameter (GSD),
crown to rump length (CRL), fetal heart rate (FHR), and P-value < 0.001 in women
who experienced early pregnancy failure. In pregnancies where the GSD, CRL, and
FHR were below the 5th percentile, early pregnancy failure was a more prone
outcome. All pregnancies with FHR below 75 beats per minute ended in failure in
the present study. When FHR was less than 128 beats per minute, there was
enormous rise in the frequency of pregnancy failure. By comparison, yolk sac
diameter (YSD) was a less significant predictor of early pregnancy failure.
CONCLUSIONS
First-trimester ultrasonographic estimations help in predicting early abortion. Risk
appraisal tables dependent on combinations of abnormal parameters could
significantly help in identifying abnormal pregnancy from normal pregnancy and
could improve prediction rates.
