Virendra Kr. Goyal1
ABSTRACT: Vitamin is an organic chemical compound which can’t be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism and must be obtained from diet. Vitamin D is not essential dietary vitamin in strict sense.8 It is synthesized in adequate amounts by most mammals exposed to sun. Surprisingly, cats and dogs can’t synthesize vitamin D and must receive it in diet. As with other compounds called vitamins, vitamin-D was discovered as to find the dietary substance that was lacking in a disease, namely, rickets.1
Vitamin D (Sunshine Vitamin) is a group of fat soluble seco-steroids responsible for intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate1. Two forms of vitamin D are:-
D2 – Ergocalciferol and
D3 – Cholecalciferol
Regular sources are:-
1. Diet
2. Supplements / Fortified foods: e.g. margarine, some cereals, infant formula milk.
3. Sunshine
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is produced by UVB irradiation of precursor 7–dehydrocholesterol. Our skin makes Vitamin D3 and supplies about 90% of our Vitamin D. Vitamin D3 is richly found in oily fish and cod liver oil.
Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) is a derivative of ergosterol, produced by fungi e.g. mushrooms. It is produced from ergosterol by UVI. The fate for producing 25 (OH) D2 from D2 is same as for 25(OH) D3.
Vit-D sources are oily fishes (such as sardines, pilchards, herring, trout, tuna, salmon and mackerel), fortified foods (this means they have vitamin D added to them) such as margarine, some cereals, infant formula milk, cod liver oil, egg yolk, liver and mushrooms (contain small quantities of vitamin D).However, UVB remains the richest & biggest source3.
Symptoms of hypovitaminosis-D: -Bone pain and muscle weakness are commonly seen. Low blood levels of the Vitamin have been associated with increased risk of death from CVD, cognitive impairment in elderly, severe asthma in children and a wide variety of cancers.
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