H. Vijay Kumar1, K. Suneetha2
BACKGROUND
Among the cardiovascular diseases acquired, valvular heart disease is one of the common causes of mortality and morbidity in India. An average of 40% of causes is rheumatic valvular heart diseases of all patients admitted with heart diseases. Male preponderance has been noted by most of the physicians in rheumatic heart disease in India. Acquired valvular heart diseases are mitral valve prolapse syndrome, papillary muscle dysfunction, the rupture of chordae tendineae, calcified mitral annulus, calcified aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation due to syphilis, connective tissue disorders (Marfan’s syndrome, osteogenesis imperfect and systemic lupus erythematosus), atherosclerosis, hypertension and infective endocarditis. Other less common causes are recurrent pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, cardiac tumours, carcinoid tumours, cardiac surgery for congenital cardiac anomalies and trauma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
It is a prospective study on adult patients with valvular abnormalities attending to the Medicine and Cardiology Units of Government General Hospital, Kakinada, between November 2014-May 2017. Total 100 in-patients were included in this study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion Criteria- All patients aged 13 years and above are considered ‘adult’ and are managed by adult medicine. There is no upper age limit. Exclusion Criteria- Patients with congenital valvular heart diseases and cor pulmonale are excluded in the study.
RESULTS
The incidence of acquired valvular heart disease is higher in the age group of 31-40 years (32%) followed by 21-30 years age group (28%). Our study also revealed relatively higher incidence of acquired valvular heart disease among the age groups of 51-60 years and above 60 years, which is due to a relatively higher incidence of mitral regurgitation due to ischaemic heart disease in this same age group.
CONCLUSION
Out of 100 cases studied mitral valve involvement was noted in 56 cases indicating the most common valve to be involved is mitral valve. Out of this, 19% cases had mitral stenosis, 25% cases had mitral regurgitation and 12% cases are with MS + MR. Multivalvular lesion constituted 18% of cases and aortic valve involvement occurred in 26% cases. We observed 10% cases of mitral stenosis and 27.2% of aortic valve involved cases.
KEYWORDS
Clinical Profile, Valvular Heart Disease.
