Suparna Sharad Pingle1
BACKGROUND
Colonoscopy is considered as a diagnostic procedure of choice for patients
presenting with chronic diarrhoea / bloody diarrhoea. Colonoscopic mucosal
biopsies have shown to be accurate indicators of extent of the involvement of
colon in inflammatory bowel disease. Also, colonoscopy is still considered as the
gold standard in cancer surveillance. The present study was undertaken to find
out the utility of colonoscopic biopsies in histomorphological spectrum of colorectal
lesions.
METHODS
This was a three-year retrospective study carried out in the Department of
Pathology, at MGM Medical College, Aurangabad. Patient’s clinical details,
colonoscopic findings and apparent pathology were noted in 206 cases along with
final histopathological diagnosis. Biopsies which showed significant findings were
included in the study.
RESULTS
In the study, the male to female ratio was 2.4 : 1. Out of 206 colorectal biopsies,
146 (70.8 %) were non-neoplastic and 60 (29.2 %) were neoplastic lesions.
Amongst non-neoplastic lesions, maximum cases were of chronic colitis with 4
cases of granulomatous colitis and 30 cases of inflammatory bowel disease.
Adenocarcinoma was the most common histologic type in neoplastic lesions (66.6
%), with rectum being the most common site followed by colonic polyps (25 %).
As far as age group was concerned, the 2nd decade was dominated by chronic
colitis, 3rd decade by adenomatous polyps and 5th decade by adenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Histomorphological profile of colorectal biopsies has a wide spectrum ranging from
infectious diseases, inflammatory bowel disorders to colorectal malignancies.
Histopathology with correlation of clinical and endoscopic findings plays a major
role in accurate diagnosis of colorectal lesions.
